The complexity in the molecular mechanism of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) limits preclinical or clinical outcomes of fecal incontinence (FI) treatment. So far. there are no systematic reviews of IAS translation and experimental studies that have been reported. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of IAS critical role in FI. https://www.markbroyard.com/best-offer-dogijiwana-tuffer-chewer-pretzel-online-flash-choice/